Modelling of flexi-coil springs with rubber-metal pads in a locomotive running gear
Nowadays, flexi-coil springs are commonly used in the secondary suspension stage Bread Lame/Dough Blades of railway vehicles.Lateral stiffness of these springs is influenced by means of their design parameters (number of coils, height, mean diameter of coils, wire diameter etc.) and it is often suitable to modify this stiffness in such way, that th